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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Technology in mathematics

Overview

  • Influence: Technology in mathematics
  • Domain: Technology, School, and Out-of-School Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: ICT in subjects
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to accelerate
  • Influence Definition: The use of various computer technologies in the teaching of mathematics.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 28
  • Number of studies: 1,067
  • Number of students: 250,138
  • Number of effects: 1,506
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.42
  • Robustness index: 5

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Educational Technology Burns & Bozeman Computer-assisted instruction and mathematics achievement: Is there a relationship? 1981 ICT in mathematics 40 NA 40 0.40
Dissertation Leong Meta-analysis of research on the adjunctive use of computers in secondary mathematics 1981 ICT in high school math 22 NA 106 0.08
Dissertation Mitchell Educational Technology and Academic Achievement Among At-Risk Students. 1987 ICT in mathematics 12 NA 16 0.24
Dissertation Kulik Effects of Computer-Based Teaching on Learners. 1983 ICT to teach high school math 65 NA 65 0.44
Dissertation Gordon-Holliday A quantitative analysis of the relationship between computer graphics and mathematics achievement and problem-solving 1991 Computer graphics and math and problem solving 84 NA 83 0.26
Journal of Educational Computing Research Chan & Leung Dynamic Geometry Software Improves Mathematical Achievement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2014 ICT Dynamic geometry software on math 9 587 9 1.02
Dissertation Chen A meta-analysis of effectiveness of computer-based instruction in mathematics 1994 Computer based in math 76 NA 98 0.47
Dissertation King Effects of computer-enhanced instruction in college-level mathematics as determined by a meta-analysis 1997 ICT college math 30 NA 68 0.20
Dissertation Chadwick Computer-assisted instruction in secondary mathematics classrooms: a meta-analysis 1997 ICT in high school math 41 8,170 41 0.51
Dissertation Hsu The effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in statistics education: a meta-analysis 2003 ICT in statistics 25 NA 31 0.43
Dissertation Schenker The effectiveness of technology use in statistics instruction in higher education: A meta-analysis using hierarchical linear modeling. 2007 ICT in statistics 46 NA 117 0.24
Report Slavin & Lake Effective Programs in Elementary Mathematics: A Best-Evidence Synthesis 2007 ICT 43 43,097 43 0.21
Dissertation Tokpah The effects of computer algebra systems on students' achievement in mathematics 2008 ICT in algebra on achievement 31 7,342 102 0.38
Educational Psychology Review Li & Ma A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Computer Technology on School Students' Mathematics Learning 2010 Computer technology on math 46 36,793 85 0.28
International Journal of Educational Research Xie, Cheung, & Lau The effects of computer-assisted instruction on mathematics achievement in mainland China: A meta-analysis 2020 ICT in mathematics 33 13,171 33 0.35
Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice Demir & Basol Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Mathematics Education (CAME) over Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis Study. 2014 ICT on math 40 5,623 40 0.90
Educational Research Review Cheung & Slavin The effectiveness of educational technology applications for enhancing mathematics achievement in K-12 classrooms: A meta-analysis. 2013 ICT on math 74 113,772 74 0.15
Review of Educational Research Sosa, Berger, Saw & Mary Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Statistics A Meta-Analysis 2011 ICT in statistics 45 9,639 45 0.33
Journal of Educational Computing Research Higgins, Huscroft-D'Angelo, & Crawford Effects of technology in mathematics on achievement, motivation, and attitude: A meta-analysis. 2019 Technology in math 24 4,522 24 0.68
Necatibey Egitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Egitimi Dergisi Saygili & Cetin The Effects of Learning Management Systems (LMS) on Mathematics Achievement: A Meta-Analysis Study.  2021 LMS on math 43 NA 43 0.36
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Ran, Kim, & Secada A meta-analysis on the effects of technology's functions and roles on students' mathematics achievement in K-12 classrooms. 2021 Computer based in math 77 NA 151 0.23
Journal of Educational Computing Research Ran, Kasli, & Secada A Meta-Analysis on Computer Technology Intervention Effects on Mathematics Achievement for Low-Performing Students in K-12 Classrooms. 2021 ICT on math 31 2,044 45 0.56
International Journal of Instruction Tamur, Juandi, & Kusumah The Effectiveness of the Application of Mathematical Software in Indonesia; A Meta-Analysis Study 2020 Math software 51 NA 51 1.16
Journal of Science Education Nakamura, Yamane, Nishiuchi, & Unzai Meta-analysis of effectiveness of technology in science and mathematics class. 2019 Technology in science and math 11 NA 11 0.40
FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education Akçay, Karahan, & Bozan The Effect of Using Technology in Primary School Math Teaching on Students' Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis Study. 2021 Technology in math 22 NA 22 0.48
Computers and Education Benavides-Varela Effectiveness of digital-based interventions for children with mathematical learning difficulties: A meta-analysis. 2020 Digital on math 15 1,073 15 0.55
Heliyon Wijaya, Cao, Weinhandl, & Tamur A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of E-Books on students' mathematics achievement. 2022 e-books on math achievement 17 3,115 26 0.82
International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches Taspinar-Sener The Impact Of Technology-Mediated Applications on Mathematics Achievement: A Meta-Analytical Review, 2023 Technology mediated apps on math 14 1,190 22 0.61
TOTAL/AVERAGE 1,067 250,138 1,506 0.46
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