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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Technology in Language

Overview

  • Influence: Technology in Language
  • Domain: Technology, School, and Out-of-School Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: ICT in subjects
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate
  • Influence Definition: The use of digital tools, applications, and platforms to support language learning and teaching, enhancing skills like speaking, listening, reading, and writing through interactive software, online resources, and multimedia content.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 3
  • Number of studies: 729
  • Number of students: 111,825
  • Number of effects: 1,068
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.68
  • Robustness index: 4

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
British Journal of Educational Technology Chiu Computer-assisted second language vocabulary instruction: A meta-analysis. 2013 ICT in Language teaching 16 1,684 16 0.75
English Language Teaching Alsowat Evidence-Based Practices of English Language Teaching: A Meta-Analysis of Meta-Analyses 2020 Technology-based language learning 649 110,141 988 0.65
Computer Assisted Language Learning Seyyedrezaei, Amiryousefi, Gimeno-Sanz, & Tavakoli A meta-analysis of the relative effectiveness of technology-enhanced language learning on ESL/EFL writing performance: Retrospect and prospect. 2022 Technology language learning 64 NA 64 1.00
TOTAL/AVERAGE 729 111,825 1,068 0.80
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