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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX™
Version 1.3 – Updated November 2024

Summarizing

Overview

  • Influence: Summarizing
  • Domain: Student Learning Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Learning strategies
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 4
  • Number of studies: 488
  • Number of students: 73,770
  • Number of effects: 661
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.45
  • Robustness index: 4

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author First Author's Country Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Educational Research Review Dignath, Buettner, & Langfeldt Netherlands How can primary school students learn self-regulated learning strategies most effectively?: A meta-analysis on self-regulation training programmes 2008 Summarization 50 0 50 0.75
Nature: Science of Learning Hattie & Donoghue Australia Learning strategies: A synthesis and conceptual model 2016 Summarization 234 1,914 234 0.44
Educational Research Review Fong & Krou USA LASSI's great adventure: A meta-analysis of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory and academic outcomes 2021 Main Ideas 181 71,856 268 0.31
Remedial and Special Education Stevens, Park & Vaughn USA A review of summarizing and main idea interventions for struggling readers in grades 3 through 12: 1978–2016 2019 Summarizing and main idea 23 0 109 0.97
TOTAL/AVERAGE 488 73,770 661 0.62
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