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Version 1.1 – Updated August 2021

Self-reported grades

Overview

  • Influence: Self-reported grades
  • Domain: Student
  • Sub-Domain: Prior knowledge and background
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate
  • Influence Definition: A practice by which students assess the quality of their own work or their level of mastery over a given subject domain. The validity of such self-grading is often assessed by comparing a student’s “self-reported” grade with that provided by an instructor.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 7
  • Number of studies: 250
  • Number of students: 79,433
  • Number of effects: 459
  • Effect size: 1.33

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author First Author's Country Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Journal of Applied Psychology Mabe & West USA Validity of self-evaluation of ability: A review and meta-analysis 1982 Self-evaluation of achievement 35 13,565 35 0.93
Review of Educational Research Falchikov & Boud UK Student self assessment in higher education: a meta-analysis 1989 Self-assessment in college 57 5,332 96 0.47
Language Testing Ross Japan Self-Assessment in Second Language Testing: A Meta-Analysis and Analysis of Experiential Factors 1998 Self-assessment in second language 11 0 60 1.63
Review of Educational Research Falchikov & Goldfinch UK Student peer assessment in higher education: A meta-analysis comparing peer and teacher marks Meta-Analysis Comparing Peer and Teacher Marks 2000 Self-assessment in college 48 4,271 56 1.91
Review of Educational Research Kuncel, Crede, & Thomas USA The Validity of Self-Reported Grade Point Averages, Class Ranks, and Test Scores: A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature 2005 Self-assessment of college GPA 29 56,265 29 3.10
Review of Educational Research Kuncel, Crede, & Thomas USA The Validity of Self-Reported Grade Point Averages, Class Ranks, and Test Scores: A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature 2005 Differences between self and recorded grades 29 0 29 0.60
Psychological Bulletin Freund & Kasten Germany How smart do you think you are? A meta-analysis on the validity of self-estimates of cognitive ability 2011 Self-estimates of ability 41 0 154 0.70
TOTAL/AVERAGE 250 79,433 459 1.33

Confidence

The Confidence is the average of these four measures, each divided into five approximately equal groups and assigned a value from 1 to 5 based on the following criteria:

  • Number of Meta-analyses
    • 1 = 1
    • 2 = 2–3
    • 3 = 4–6
    • 4 = 7–9
    • 5 = 10+
  • Number of Studies
    • 1 = 1–10
    • 2 = 11–50
    • 3 = 51–200
    • 4 = 201–400
    • 5 = 400+
  • Number of Students
    • 1 = 1–2,500
    • 2 = 2,501–10,000
    • 3 = 10,000–20,000
    • 4 = 20,000–100,000
    • 5 = 100,001+
  • Number of Effects
    • 1 = 1–100
    • 2 = 101–300
    • 3 = 301–600
    • 4 = 601–1,200
    • 5 = 1,200+
Confidences
Number of Meta-Analyses Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Overall Confidence
Confidence Factor 4 4 4 3 4
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