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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

School choice

Overview

  • Influence: School choice
  • Domain: School
  • Sub-Domain: School compositional effects
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have a small positive impact
  • Influence Definition: School choice is premised on the belief that parents should have control over the kind of school their child attends, often via the use of vouchers: government funding that can be withdrawn from a particular public school and follow a child to a charter school or academy.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 1
  • Number of studies: 22
  • Number of students: NA
  • Number of effects: 28
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.02
  • Robustness index: 1

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Conference paper Jabbar, Fong, Germain, Li, Sanchez, Sun, & Devall The competitive effects of school choice on student outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis 2017 School choice 22 NA 28 0.02
TOTAL/AVERAGE 22 NA 28 0.02
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