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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX™
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Peer assessment

Overview

  • Influence: Peer assessment
  • Domain: Teaching Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Feedback
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to accelerate
  • Influence Definition: Teachers questioning students as part of lessons.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 9
  • Number of studies: 347
  • Number of students: NA
  • Number of effects: 824
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.52
  • Robustness index: 3

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Conference paper Chen  An exploratory quantitative meta-analysis on peer feedback research in the ESL/EFL writing classrooms 2016 Peer feedback on ESL/EFL 11 NA 36 0.60
Educational Psychology Review Double, McGrane, & Hopfenbeck The impact of peer assessment on academic performance: A meta-analysis of control group studies. 2019 Peer assessment 54 NA 141 0.31
Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education Zheng, Zhang, & Cui The role of technology-facilitated peer assessment and supporting strategies: A meta-analysis. 2020 Technology facilitated peer assessment 37 NA 37 0.56
Conference paper Cui & Zheng A meta-analysis of the peer evaluation effects on learning achievements in blended learning environment. 2018 Peer evaluation in blended learning 23 NA 37 0.68
Asian EFL Journal Thirakunkovit & Chamcharatsri A meta-analysis of effectiveness of teacher and peer feedback: Implications for writing instructions and research. 2019 Peer feedback 27 NA 52 0.68
Educational Research Review Yan, Lao, Panadero, Fernandez-Castilla, Yang, & Yang Effects of self-assessment and peer-assessment interventions on academic performance: A meta-analysis. 2022 Peer assessment 101 NA 349 0.61
Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education Li, Xiong, Hunter, Guo, & Tywoniw Does peer assessment promote student learning? A meta-analysis. 2020 Peer assessment 58 NA 134 0.29
Tesol Quarterly Vuogan & Li Examining the effectiveness of peer feedback in second language writing: A meta-analysis.  2022 Peer feedback on language 26 NA 26 0.73
Journal of Educational Computing Research Jongsma, Scholten, van Muijlwijk-Koezen, & Meeter Online versus offline peer feedback in higher education: A meta-analysis.  2023 Peer compared to online feedback 10 NA 12 0.33
TOTAL/AVERAGE 347 NA 824 0.53
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