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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX™
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Mathematics teaching specific skills

Overview

  • Influence: Mathematics teaching specific skills
  • Domain: Curricula
  • Sub-Domain: Math and sciences
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate
  • Influence Definition: The teaching of specific math skills such as fractions, calculus, numerical competencies, basic fact fluency, algebra strategies.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 14
  • Number of studies: 843
  • Number of students: 397,179
  • Number of effects: 2,348
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.73
  • Robustness index: 5

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Conference paper Bicer, Ozfidan, & Capraro A Meta-Analysis: The Effects of Writing Interventions on Students' Mathematics Success 2017 Writing programs on math 12 NA 19 0.36
Dissertation Marcucci A Meta-Analysis of Research on Methods of Teaching Mathematical Problem Solving 1980 Problem solving in math 33 NA 237 0.35
Dissertation Moin Relative Effectiveness of Various Techniques of Calculus Instruction: A Meta-Analysis 1988 Self-paced method of calculus instruction 43 NA 113 0.23
Investigations in Mathematics Learning Cason, Young, & Kuehnert A meta-analysis of the effects of numerical competency development on achievement: Recommendations for mathematics educators 2019 Numerical competence 17 9,380 39 0.88
Learning Disabilities Research and Practice Codding, Burns & Lukito Meta-analysis of mathematic basic-fact fluency interventions: A component analysis 2011 Basic fact fluency 17 55 25 1.15
Review of Educational Research Rakes, Valentine, McGatha & Ronau Methods of Instructional Improvement in Algebra: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2010 Algebra strategies 82 22,424 109 0.29
NASSP Bulletin Haas Teaching methods for secondary algebra: a meta-analysis of findings 2005 Teaching methods in algebra 35 NA 66 0.38
Journal for Research in Mathematics Education Hembree Effects of noncontent variables on mathematics test performance. 1987 Noncontingent variables 75 NA 452 0.16
Journal of the International Association of Special Education Hughes, Witzel, Riccomini, Fries, & Kanyongo A Meta-Analysis of Algebra Interventions for Learners with Disabilities and Struggling Learners 2014 Teaching methods on algebra 12 NA 711 0.62
Exceptional Children Ennis & Losinski Interventions to improve fraction skills for students with disabilities: A meta-analysis. 2019 Interventions to improve fractions 21 1,804 21 1.17
Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensional Ümit & Çelik A Meta-analysis of the impact of problem posing strategies on students' learning of mathematics. 2020 Problem posing in math 20 NA 31 1.33
Psychological Bulletin Peng, Lin, Ünal, Lee, Namkung, Chow, & Sales Examining the mutual relations between language and mathematics: A meta-analysis 2020 Language skills to complete math 344 360,000 393 0.93
Dissertation Chen The efficacy of mathematics interventions for students with learning disabilities: A meta-analysis. 2004 Math interventions with severely disabled 110 3,516 110 0.94
International Education Studies Lee, Capraro, Capraro, & Bicer A Meta-Analysis: Improvement of Students' Algebraic Reasoning through Metacognitive Training. 2018 Metacognition in algebra 22 NA 22 0.97
TOTAL/AVERAGE 843 397,179 2,348 0.70
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