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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Lesson design

Overview

  • Influence: Lesson design
  • Domain: Student Learning Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Student-focused interventions
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate
  • Influence Definition: The effects of specific lesson design templates.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 11
  • Number of studies: 407
  • Number of students: 139,705
  • Number of effects: 458
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.92
  • Robustness index: 4

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
International Journal of Educational Methodology Sarac The Effect of Learning Cycle Models on Achievement of Students: A Meta-Analysis Study. 2018 5E Lesson design in STEM 123 9,302 123 1.16
Book Melo & Miranda The effects of the 4C/ID model in the acquisition and transfer of learning: a meta-analysis. 2016 4C model of lesson design 61 NA 61 0.70
Learning Environments Research Costa, Miranda, & Melo Four-component instructional design (4C/ID) model: A meta-analysis on use and effect. 2022 Four component instructional design 12 898 12 0.79
International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education Tlili, Garzón, Salha, Huang, Xu, Burgos, Denden, Farrell, Farrow, Bozkurt, Amiel, McGreal, López-Serrano, & Wiley Are open educational resources (OER) and practices (OEP) effective in improving learning achievement? A meta analysis and research synthesis. 2023 Open educational resources 25 119,840 25 0.07
International Journal of Instruction Vallespin & Prudente Meta-analysis on the effectiveness of learning cycle models and online teaching strategies in chemistry education.  2024 Learning cycle models 17 2,049 17 1.44
Cumhuriyet Uluslararasi Egitim Dergisi Yigiter Does Quantum Learning Model Increase Academic Achievement?: A Meta-Analysis Study.  2023 Quantum Learning model 25 NA 25 1.05
Journal of Education and Training Studies Anil & Batdi A Comparative Meta-Analysis of 5E and Traditional Approaches in Turkey.  2015 5E instructional model 13 NA 13 1.13
Conference paper Polanin, Austin, Taylor, & Steingut The effects of the 5E instructional model: A systematic review and meta-analysis 2023 5E instructional model 60 NA 111 0.81
International Journal of Educational Research Cho & Permzadian The impact of open educational resources on student achievement: A meta-analysis. 2024 Open educational resources on course grades 26 4,779 26 0.17
Journal of History Culture and Art Research Inel & Sezer The effect of the usage of instructional materials on student achievement in teaching geography: A meta-analytic study.  2017 Instructional resources in geography 31 NA 31 1.29
International Journal on Social and Education Sciences Alnajjar & Ibrahim A Comparative Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Three Types of Instructional Methods on Language Success.  2024 Learning cycle models 14 2,837 14 1.49
TOTAL/AVERAGE 407 139,705 458 0.92
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