Skip to Content
Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Interleaved practice

Overview

  • Influence: Interleaved practice
  • Domain: Student Learning Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Learning strategies
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to accelerate
  • Influence Definition: Interleaving involves implementing a schedule of practice that mixes different kinds of problems, or a schedule of study that mixes different kinds of material, within a single study session. It can also involve mixing, or interleaving, multiple subjects of topics, as opposed to blocked practice, which typically involves studying one topic very thoroughly before moving to another topic.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 3
  • Number of studies: 180
  • Number of students: 9,438
  • Number of effects: 374
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.46
  • Robustness index: 3

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Nature: Science of Learning Hattie & Donoghue Learning strategies: A synthesis and conceptual model 2016 Interleaved practice 104 972 104 0.47
Psychological Bulletin Brunmair & Richter Similarity matters: A meta-analysis of interleaved learning and its moderators 2019 Interleaved practice 59 8,466 238 0.42
Review of Educational Research Firth, Rivers, & Boyle A systematic review of interleaving as a concept learning strategy.  2021 Interleaved practice 17 NA 32 0.59
TOTAL/AVERAGE 180 9,438 374 0.49
Back to top