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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX™
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Interactive video / multimedia

Overview

  • Influence: Interactive video / multimedia
  • Domain: Technology, School, and Out-of-School Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Tutoring/multimedia
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to accelerate
  • Influence Definition: A digital video technology that allows students to review segments of a recording in a non-linear way, as many times as they wish.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 9
  • Number of studies: 432
  • Number of students: 5,260
  • Number of effects: 3,992
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.54
  • Robustness index: 4

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Conference paper Clark & Angert A meta-analytic study of pictorial stimulus complexity 1980 Pictorial stimulus complexity 23 4,800 1,000 0.65
Conference paper Angert & Clark Finding the Rose Among the Thorns: Some Thoughts on Integrating Media Research 1982 Media methods on achievement 181 NA 2,607 0.51
Machine-Mediated Learning Fletcher The effectiveness and cost of interactive videodisc instruction 1989 Interactive video disk technology 24 NA 47 0.50
Journal of Computer-Based Instruction McNeil & Nelson Meta-analysis of interactive video instruction: A 10 year review of achievement effects. 1991 Multimedia technologies 63 NA 100 0.53
Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Liao Effects of hypermedia on students' achievement: a meta-analysis 1999 Hypermedia vs. traditional instruction 46 NA 143 0.41
Book van Daal & Sandvik The effects of multimedia on early literacy development of children at risk: a meta-analysis 2012 Multimedia on early literacy 35 NA 35 0.66
Education Research Review Thompson & von Gillern Video-game based instruction for vocabulary acquisition with English language learners: A Bayesian meta-analysis 2020 Video game for vocabulary acquisition 20 NA 20 0.70
Book van Daal, Sandvik, & Ader A meta-analysis of multimedia applications: How effective are interventions with e-Books, computer- assisted instruction and TV/Video on literacy learning? 2019 Multimedia applications 35 NA 35 0.65
Behavioral Sciences Yu The Effect of Videoconferencing on Second-Language Learning: A Meta-Analysis.  2022 Micro teaching on L2 students 5 460 5 0.35
TOTAL/AVERAGE 432 5,260 3,992 0.55
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