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Version 1.2 – Updated June 2023

Gender (male-female)

Overview

  • Influence: Gender (male-female)
  • Domain: Student
  • Sub-Domain: Physical influences
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have a small positive impact
  • Influence Definition: The difference for males and females (in all cases, regardless of the direction in the original meta-analysis, all are converted to male-female effects).

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 34
  • Number of studies: 2,884
  • Number of students: 23,859,706
  • Number of effects: 5,478
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.00
  • Robustness index: 5

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author First Author's Country Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Conference paper Hansford & Hattie Australia Designing and implementing a meta-analysis 1980 Gender and achievement 72 0 503 -0.02
American Psychologist Hyde USA How large are cognitive gender differences? 1981 Reading and gender 27 68,899 27 -0.24
Conference paper Kahl, Fleming & Malone USA Sex-related differences in pre-college science: findings of the science meta-analysis project 1982 Pre-college science and achievement 169 0 31 0.12
Review of Educational Research Steinkamp & Maehr USA Affect, ability, and science achievement: A quantitative synthesis of correlational research 1983 Gender differences in science 83 0 107 0.19
Dissertation Freeman USA A meta-analysis of gender differences in mathematics achievement 1984 Gender differences in mathematics 35 0 35 0.09
Child Development Meehan USA A meta-analysis of sex differences in formal operational thought 1984 Formal operations and gender 53 0 160 0.14
Journal of Educational Psychology Johnson USA Sex differences in problem solving 1984 Gender in problem solving 9 0 9 0.45
Child Development Linn & Peterson USA Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis 1985 Spatial achievement and gender 172 0 263 0.40
Conference paper Becker & Chang USA Measurement of Science Achievement and Its Role in Gender Differences 1986 Science and gender 42 0 42 0.16
Report Tohidi, Steinkamp & Maehr USA Gender differences in performance on tests of cognitive functioning: a meta-analysis of research findings 1986 Cognitive functioning and gender 70 0 70 0.32
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology Born, Bleichrodt & Van der Flier Netherlands Cross-cultural comparison of sex-related differences on intelligence tests: A meta-analysis 1987 Gender in intelligence 17 0 772 0.08
Psychological Bulletin Hyde & Linn USA Gender differences in verbal ability: a meta-analysis 1988 Gender differences on verbal achievement 165 1,418,899 165 -0.11
Psychological Bulletin Else-Quest, Hyde, & Linn USA Cross-national patterns of gender differences in mathematics: a meta-analysis 2010 Gender in PISA and TiMMS 69 493,495 86 -0.01
Review of Educational Research Friedman USA Mathematics and the Gender Gap: A Met-Analysis of Recent Studies on Sex Differences in Mathematical Tasks 1989 Math and gender 98 227,879 98 0.02
Dissertation Hines USA Gender-related differences in mathematics participation and achievement: a meta-analysis 1989 Math and gender 30 0 260 0.01
Journal of Research in Science Teaching Becker USA Gender and science achievement: A reanalysis of studies from two meta-analyses 1989 Gender differences in science 29 17,603 67 0.16
Perceptual and Motor Skills Stumpf & Klieme Germany Sex-related differences in spatial ability: more evidence for convergence 1989 Spatial achievement and gender 18 171,824 18 0.48
American Educational Research Journal Lysakowski & Walberg USA Instructional Effects of Cues, Participation, and Corrective Feedback: A Quantitative Synthesis 1989 Math and gender 34 88,253 160 0.23
Journal of Educational Psychology Keller, Preckel, Eccles, & Brunner Germany Top-Performing Math Students in 82 Countries: A Meta-Analysis of Gender Differences in Achievement, Achievement Profiles, and Achievement Motivation. 2020 PISA math, reading, science 82 2,280,502 343 -0.06
Early Childhood Research Quarterly Magnuson, Kelchen, Duncan, Schindler, Shager, &Yoshikawa USA Do The Effects of Early Childhood Programs on Academic Outcomes Vary by Gender? A Meta-Analysis 2016 Early childhood programs 21 0 23 0.10
Dissertation Thompson USA The mothers and fathers of invention: meta-analyses of gender differences in creativity 2016 Sex on creativity 271 137,247 480 -0.06
Intelligence Lynn & Irwing UK Sex differences in mental arithmetic, digit span, and g defined as working memory capacity 2008 Sex in math 28 0 28 0.28
Educational Psychology Review Petersen USA Gender difference in verbal performance: A meta-analysis of United States state performance assessments. 2018 Sex in verbal achievement 16 10,000,000 16 -0.29
Psychological Bulletin Hyde, Fennema & Lamon USA Gender differences in mathematics performance: A meta-analysis 1990 Gender and cognitive achievement 100 3,217,489 259 0.20
Psychological Bulletin Cohn USA Sex Differences in the Course of Personality Development: A Meta-Analysis 1991 Gender on ego enhancement 65 9,000 113 -0.61
International Journal of Educational Research Frost, Hyde & Fennema USA Gender, mathematics performance, and mathematics-related attitudes and affect: A meta-analytic synthesis 1994 Math and gender 100 0 254 0.15
Dissertation DeBaz USA Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Students' Characteristics and Achievement and Attitudes toward Science. 1994 Gender and achievement 67 7,026 9 0.26
Journal of Educational and Behavioural Statistics Schram USA A meta-analysis of gender differences in applied statistics achievement 1996 Applied statistics and gender 13 4,134 18 -0.08
Conference paper Yang USA Validity issues in cross-national relational analyses: a meta-analytic approach to perceived gender differences on mathematics learning 1997 Math and gender 25 0 25 -0.34
Studies in Educational Evaluation Lietz Germany A meta-analysis of gender differences in reading achievement at the secondary school level 2006 Reading and gender 139 0 139 -0.19
Journal of Educational Psychology Fischer, Schult, & Hell Germany Sex-specific differential prediction of college admission tests: A meta-analysis 2013 Sex on college admission performance 130 493,048 130 -0.24
Journal of Educational Psychology Reilly, Neumann, & Andrews USA Sex Differences in Mathematics and Science Achievement: A Meta-Analysis of National Assessment of Educational Progress Assessments 2015 Sex on NAEP math & science 24 2,804,016 24 0.09
Psychological Bulletin Voyer & Voyer Canada Gender Differences in Scholastic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis 2014 Gender on achievement 369 1,134,042 502 -0.23
Psychological Bulletin Lindberg, Hyde, Petersen & Linn USA New trends in gender and mathematics performance: a meta-analysis 2010 Math and gender 242 1,286,350 242 0.05
TOTAL/AVERAGE 2,884 23,859,706 5,478 0.04
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