Skip to Content
Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Flipped classrooms

Overview

  • Influence: Flipped classrooms
  • Domain: Teaching Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Instructional strategies
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate
  • Influence Definition: An educational technique in which traditional classroom activities (such as lecture) are completed at home or before the class, often via pre-recorded video or audio presentations, which prepares the students for more interactive, discovery, questioning, and engagement in active learning activities in the classroom itself.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 60
  • Number of studies: 2,877
  • Number of students: 192,889
  • Number of effects: 3,692
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.58
  • Robustness index: 5

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Chinese Nursing Research Tan, Yue, & Fu Effectiveness of flipped classrooms in nursing education: Systematic review and meta-analysis. 2017 Flipped classroom in nursing 29 3,694 29 1.13
BMC Medical education Hew & Lo Flipped classroom improves student learning in health professions education: a meta-analysis 2018 Flipped in health professions 28 4,715 28 0.33
The Society of Digital Policy and Management Kang & Shin The effect of flipped learning in Korea: Meta-analysis. 2016 Flipped classrooms 36 NA 288 0.54
H.U Journal of Education Karagol & Esen The Effect of Flipped Learning Approach on Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis Study 2019 Questioning/strategy instruction in reading 55 NA 80 0.57
Medical Education Chen, Monrouxe, Lu, Jenq, Chang, Chang, & Chai Academic outcomes of flipped classroom learning: a meta-analysis 2018 Flipped classrooms 46 9,026 46 0.54
Dissertation Lu A Meta-analysis on Learning Achievement of Flipped Classroom 2017 Flipped classrooms 33 NA 33 0.37
Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal Orhan The effect of flipped learning on students' academic achievement: A meta-analysis study 2019 Flipped classrooms 13 651 13 0.74
Journal of Digital Convergence Cho & Lee A meta analysis on effects of flipped learning in Korea 2018 Flipped classrooms 95 NA 95 0.54
Dissertation Lo, Hew & Chen Toward a set of design principles for mathematics flipped classrooms: A synthesis of research in mathematics education 2017 Flipped classrooms 21 NA 21 0.30
Education Sciences Jang & Kim A Meta-Analysis of the Cognitive, Affective, and Interpersonal Outcomes of Flipped Classrooms in Higher Education 2020 Flipped classrooms 43 NA 153 0.24
Report Wagner, Gegenfurtner, & Urhahne Effectiveness of the flipped classroom on student achievement in secondary education: A meta-analysis. 2019 Flipped classrooms 25 2,323 44 0.42
Education Technology and Research development Cheng, Ritzhaupt, & Antonenko Effects of the flipped classroom instructional strategy on students' learning outcomes: A meta-analysis 2019 Flipped classrooms 55 7,912 115 0.19
Dissertation Zhang A systematic review and meta-analysis on flipped learning in science education 2018 Flipped classrooms 28 NA 28 0.42
International Journal of Nursing Studies Hu, Gao, Ye, Ni, Jiang, & Jiang Effectiveness of flipped classrooms in Chinese baccalaureate nurse education: A meta-analysis o randomized controlled trials 2018 Flipped classrooms 11 1,180 11 1.19
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Gillette, Rudolph, Kimble, Rockich-Winston, Smith, & Broedel-Zaugg A meta-analysis of outcomes comparing flipped classrooms and Lecture 2018 Flipped classrooms 6 315 6 0.35
Conference paper Algarni A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of flipped classroom in mathematics education. 2018 Flipped classrooms 34 8,598 36 0.27
Journal of Computers in Education Shi, Ma, MacLeod, & Yang College students' cognitive learning outcomes in flipped classroom instruction: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. 2020 Flipped classrooms 33 6,957 33 0.53
Frontiers of Nursing Liu, Li, Lei, Liu, Theobald, Meng, Liu, Zhang, & Jin Effectiveness of the flipped classroom on the development of self-directed learning in nursing education: A meta-analysis. 2018 Flipped classrooms in nursing 12 1,440 12 1.18
Nurse Education Today Xu, Chen, Nie, Wang, Song, Li, Li, Yo, & Zhao The effectiveness of a flipped classroom on the development of Chinese nursing students' skill competence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2019 Flipped classrooms 22 4,295 22 1.79
Conference paper Zhu, Thompson, Suarez, & Peng A meta-analysis on the effect of flipped instruction on K-12 students' academic achievement 2019 Flipped classrooms 25 NA 25 0.56
Educational Technology Research and Development Zhu Is flipping effective? A meta-analysis of the effect of flipped instruction on K-12 students' academic achievement.  2021 Flipped classrooms 27 NA 53 0.54
Educational Research Review Strelan, Osborn, & Palmer The flipped classroom: A meta-analysis of effects on student performance across disciplines and education levels. 2020 Flipped classrooms 174 33,678 198 0.50
Journal of Curriculum and Evaluation Jang Meta-Analysis of Effects of Flipped Learning on Elementary School Students. 2020 Flipped classrooms 29 NA 292 0.56
Education Technology and Society Zheng, Bhagat, Zhen, & Zhang The Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom on Students' Learning Achievement and Learning Motivation: A Meta-Analysis. 2020 Flipped classrooms 95 15,386 95 0.44
Educational Research Review van Alten, Phielix, Janssen, & Kester Effects of flipped the classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction: A meta-analysis 2019 Flipped classrooms 114 NA 115 0.36
AERA Open Lag & Saele Does the flipped classroom improve student learning and satisfaction? A systematic review and meta-analysis 2019 Flipped classrooms 271 NA 272 0.35
Journal of Education and Culture Yoon A meta-analysis for effects of flipped learning on secondary school students 2018 Flipped classrooms 26 NA 26 0.83
Journal of Aba Teachers University Deshen & Yu The influence of flipping classroom on the academic achievements of students at higher vocational colleges: Meta-analysis evidence based on the random effect model. 2021 Flipped classrooms 28 NA 28 0.49
Review of Educational Research Bredow, Roehling, Knorp, & Sweet To Flip or Not to Flip? A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Flipped Learning in Higher Education. 2021 Flipped classrooms 282 51,437 282 0.39
Nastava i vaspitanje Ralevic & Tomaševic Poredenje efektivnosti modela obrnute ucionice i modela tradicionalne nastave-metaanaliza. 2021 Flipped classrooms 22 NA 22 0.97
Dissertation Sparkes Flipped Classrooms versus Traditional Classrooms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of student achievement in higher education 2019 Flipped classrooms 114 NA 125 0.30
Asia Pacific Education Review Tutal & Yazar Flipped classroom improves academic achievement, learning retention and attitude towards course: a meta-analysis 2021 Flipped classrooms 177 17,807 177 0.76
Journal of Statistics Education Farmus, Cribbie, & Rotondi The flipped classroom in introductory statistics: Early evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis 2020 Flipped classrooms 10 NA 10 0.43
Research in Science and Technological Education Dogan, Batdi, & Yasar Effectiveness of flipped classroom practices in teaching of science: a mixed research synthesis 2021 Flipped classrooms 30 NA 30 0.73
Science Insights Education Frontiers Zhang, Cheung, & Cheung The Impact of Flipped Classroom on College Students' Academic Performance: A Meta-Analysis Based on 20 Experimental Studies 2021 Flipped classrooms 20 NA 28 0.66
E-education Research Li, Pang, Wang Study on the Effect of Flipped Classroom Teaching on Students' Learning Effect: A Meta-Analysis Based on 37 Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies 2018 Flipped classrooms 37 NA 37 0.37
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education Kim & Lim A systematic review and meta-analysis of flipped learning among university students in Korea: Self-directed learning, learning motivation, efficacy, and learning achievement. 2021 Flipped classrooms 21 NA 21 0.66
Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education Aydin, Okmen, & Sahin The meta-analysis of the studies about the effects of flipped on students' achievement 2021 Flipped classrooms 25 NA 25 0.71
Educational Technology Research and Development Shahnama, Ghonsooly, & Shrivan A meta-analysis of relative effectiveness of flipped learning in English as second/foreign language research. 2021 Flipped classrooms 69 NA 69 1.24
REICE Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación Martínez, Díaz, Rodríguez, & Rodríguez-García Eficacia del método flipped classroom en la universidad: Meta-análisis de la producción científica de impacto. 2019 Flipped classrooms 12 3,326 12 2.29
Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research Turan Evaluating Whether Flipped Classrooms Improve Student Learning in Science Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2021 Flipped classrooms 18 2,845 18 0.63
Korea Curriculum and Evaluation Institute Bong-Seok A meta-analysis of the effect of flip learning on the development and academic achievement of elementary school students. 2018 Flipped classrooms 29 NA 29 0.56
Education and Information Technologies Güler, Kokoç & Bütüner Does a flipped classroom model work in mathematics education? A meta-analysis. 2021 Flipped classrooms 37 NA 40 0.40
Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal Yakar The Effect of Flipped Learning Model on Primary and Secondary School Students' Mathematics Achievement: A Meta-Analysis Study 2021 Flipped classrooms 45 NA 46 0.51
Journal of Digital Convergence Kang & Kang The effectiveness of a flipped learning on Korean nursing students; A meta-analysis. 2021 Flipped classrooms 23 NA 23 1.21
Medicine Ge, Chen, Yan, Chen, & Liu Effectiveness of flipped classroom vs traditional lectures in radiology education: A meta-analysis. 2020 Flipped classrooms 19 2,114 19 1.86
PloS one Li, Cao, Ren, Chu, Zhou, & Guo Flipped classroom improves nursing students' theoretical learning in China: A meta-analysis 2020 Flipped classrooms 32 NA 32 1.46
Language Teaching Research Vitta & Al-Hoorie The flipped classroom in second language learning: A meta-analysis. 2020 Flipped classrooms 56 4,220 61 0.58
Conference paper Liu, Li, & Fu Is flipped learning effective on K-12 students? Evidence from a meta-analysis 2024 Flipped classrooms 48 NA 48 0.78
Conference paper Ezeh, Adesope, & Kehinde Effects of flipped instruction on college students' learning outcomes in STEM subject domains: A meta-analysis 2021 Flipped classrooms 73 NA 73 0.32
International Journal of Instruction Sopamena, Sangadji, Riaddin, Kaliky, & Assagaf Effectiveness of flipped classroom model on mathematics achievement at the University level: A meta-analysis study. 2022 Flipped classrooms 13 NA 20 0.49
Shanlax International Journal of Education Aybirdi, Efe, & Sal The Impact of Flipped Learning on L2 Learners' Achievements: A Meta-Analysis.  2023 Flipped classrooms 40 2,473 40 1.30
Interactive Learning Environments Yu & Yu The effects of gamified flipped classroom on student learning: evidence from a meta-analysis.  2023 Gamified flipped classrooms 17 1,817 17 0.77
Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan Nurtamam, Snatosa, Ilwandri, Aprilisia, Rahman, & Suharyat Meta-analysis: The Effectiveness of Iot-Based Flipped Learning to Improve Students' Problem Solving Abilities.  2023 Flipped classrooms on problem solving 11 NA 11 0.84
International Journal of Instruction Ismaniati, Muhtadi, Cobena & Soeparno Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom on Students' Learning Outcome in Vocational High School: A Meta-Analysis. 2022 Flipped classrooms 19 NA 19 1.68
International Journal of Instruction Almassri & Zahrudin 3). Effectiveness of Flipped classroom pedagogy in programming education: A meta-analysis.  2023 Flipped classrooms 27 NA 14 0.56
Dissertation Gricoski A Meta-Analysis Examining the Efficacy of Flipped Instruction for STEM Academics. 2022 Flipped classrooms 15 2,018 15 0.40
E-International Journal of Educational Research Kazu & Yalçin A meta-analysis study on the effectiveness of flipped classroom learning on students' academic achievement. 2022 Flipped classrooms 54 NA 58 0.98
International Journal of Education Technology & Scientific Researches Genç, Yazicioglu, & Kaya Examining effects of flipped education model on students academic success: A meta-analysis.  2022 Flipped classrooms 35 NA 35 0.73
Technology, Knowledge and Learning Chien A Meta-Analysis of Learning and Moderator Variables in Flipped Education 2022 Flipped classrooms 33 4,662 39 0.31
TOTAL/AVERAGE 2,877 192,889 3,692 0.70
Back to top