Counseling effects
Overview
- Influence: Counseling effects
- Domain: Classroom
- Sub-Domain: Classroom influences
- Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have positive impact
- Influence Definition: Students can be referred to counselors who review the affect, the beliefs, and the social context as seen through the eyes of the student. The beneficial effects of counseling are aimed towards student adjustment, retention, and academic success; however, counseling continues to be stigmatized by many students—reducing overall rates of adoption and completion.
Evidence
- Number of meta-analyses: 7
- Number of studies: 367
- Number of students: 30,453
- Number of effects: 332
- Effect size: 0.33
Meta-Analyses
| Journal Title | Author | First Author's Country | Article Name | Year Published | Variable | Number of Studies | Number of Students | Number of Effects | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Journal of School Psychology | Prout & Prout | USA | A meta-analysis of school-based studies of counseling and psychotherapy: An update. | 1998 | Counseling on cognitive outcomes | 17 | 550 | 6 | 0.00 |
| Psychology in the Schools | Whiston, Tai, Rahardja & Eder | USA | Review of school counseling outcome research | 2009 | Counseling on cognitive outcomes | 150 | 0 | 96 | 0.19 |
| Psychology in the Schools | Reese, Prout, Zirkelback & Anderson | USA | Effectiveness of school-based psychotherapy: A meta-analysis of dissertation research | 2010 | Counseling on cognitive outcomes | 65 | 0 | 28 | 0.23 |
| Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation | Villares, Frain, Brigman, Webb & Peluso | USA | The impact of student success skills on standardized test scores: A meta-analysis | 2012 | Counseling Student Success Skills | 5 | 1,279 | 5 | 0.29 |
| Unpublished Thesis | Grant | USA | A meta-analysis of school-based interventions for middle schoolers: Academic, behavioral, and social outcomes. | 2011 | In school interventions for problem students | 38 | 28,624 | 38 | 0.12 |
| Journal of Counseling Psychology | Baskin, Slaten, Merson, Sorenson & Glover-Russell | USA | Does youth psychotherapy improve academically related outcomes? A meta-analysis | 2010 | Psychotherapy on academic outcomes | 83 | 0 | 102 | 0.36 |
| Journal of School Psychology | Burns & Symington | USA | A meta-analysis of prereferral intervention teams: Student and systemic outcomes | 2002 | Use of prereferral intervention teams | 9 | 0 | 57 | 1.10 |
| TOTAL/AVERAGE | 367 | 30,453 | 332 | 0.33 | |||||
Confidence
The Confidence is the average of these four measures, each divided into five approximately equal groups and assigned a value from 1 to 5 based on the following criteria:
-
Number of Meta-analyses
- 1 = 1
- 2 = 2–3
- 3 = 4–6
- 4 = 7–9
- 5 = 10+
-
Number of Studies
- 1 = 1–10
- 2 = 11–50
- 3 = 51–200
- 4 = 201–400
- 5 = 400+
-
Number of Students
- 1 = 1–2,500
- 2 = 2,501–10,000
- 3 = 10,000–20,000
- 4 = 20,000–100,000
- 5 = 100,001+
-
Number of Effects
- 1 = 1–100
- 2 = 101–300
- 3 = 301–600
- 4 = 601–1,200
- 5 = 1,200+
| Number of Meta-Analyses | Number of Studies | Number of Students | Number of Effects | Overall Confidence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confidence Factor | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 |