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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Clickers

Overview

  • Influence: Clickers
  • Domain: Technology, School, and Out-of-School Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Other ICT
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have positive impact
  • Influence Definition: A form of electronic audience response system often used in classrooms to enable all students to respond instantly to questions put to the whole group Often the data responses of the students can be immediately shown to the whole class, and leads to discussion about right and wrong answers, and to re-teaching of concepts least understood by the class

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 3
  • Number of studies: 132
  • Number of students: 26,095
  • Number of effects: 236
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.21
  • Robustness index: 3

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Computers and Education Hunsu, Adesope, & Bayly A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Audience Response Systems (Clicker-Based Technologies) on Cognition and Affect 2016 Clickers 53 26,095 111 0.05
Computers and Education Castillo-Manzano, Castro-Nuño, López-Valpuesta, Sanz-Díaz, & Yñiguez Measuring the effect of ARS on academic performance: A global meta-analysis 2016 Audience Response systems 51 NA 53 0.29
Educational Research Review Chien, Chang, & Chang Do we click in the right way? A meta-analytic review of clicker-integrated instruction 2016 Clickers 28 NA 72 0.39
TOTAL/AVERAGE 132 26,095 236 0.24
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