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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX™
Version 1.3 – Updated November 2024

Socioeconomic status

Overview

  • Influence: Socioeconomic status
  • Domain: Home
  • Sub-Domain: Family resources
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to accelerate
  • Influence Definition: Socioeconomic status is generally used to refer to an individual or family's resources of wealth, power, and social prestige.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 22
  • Number of studies: 1,346
  • Number of students: 5,241,866
  • Number of effects: 4,848
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.59
  • Robustness index: 5

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author First Author's Country Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Psychological Bulletin White USA The relation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement.  2001 Socioeconomic status and achievement 101 0 620 0.66
Journal of Research in Science Teaching Fleming & Malone USA The relationship of student characteristics and student performance in science as viewed by meta-analysis research 1983 Student characteristics and science achievement 273 0 21 0.54
Review of Educational Research Sirin USA Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review of Research 2005 Relation between SES and achievement 58 129,914 307 0.61
Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Letourneau, Duffet-Leger, Levac, Watson, & Young-Morris Canada Socio-economic status and child development: A meta-analysis 2013 Socioeconomic status and achievement 7 665 7 0.35
Alberta Journal of Educational Research Tan Hong Kong Examining cultural capital and student achievement: Results of a meta-analytic review 2017 Cultural capital 41 685,393 155 0.32
The Factors Effecting Student Achievement Ciftci & Cin Turkey The Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Students' Achievement 2017 Socioeconomic status 66 159,315 66 0.90
Journal of Experimental Education Harwell, Maeda, Bishop, & Xie USA The surprisingly modest relationship between SES and educational achievement 2017 Socioeconomic status and achievement 45 0 2,610 0.37
Intelligence Strenze Estonia Intelligence and socioeconomic success: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal research 2007 Socioeconomic status and achievement 86 145,632 58 0.65
Psychological Bulletin Sakett, Kuncel, Arneson, Cooper & Waters USA Does socioeconomic status explain the relationship between admissions tests and post-secondary academic performance? 2009 SES on Univ entrance and GPAs 41 155,191 41 0.93
Developmental science Lawson, Hook, & Farah USA A meta-analysis of he relationship between socioeconomic status and executive function performance among children 2018 Socioeconomic status on executive functioning 25 8,760 25 0.32
Review of Educational Research Kim, Cho & Kim USA Socioeconomic status and academic outcomes in developing countries: A meta-analysis. 2019 Socioeconomic status in developing countries 49 2,828,216 49 0.06
Educational Psychology Review Liu, Peng, & Luo China The relation between family socioeconomic status and academic achievement in China: A meta-analysis. 2019 Socioeconomic status in China 78 215,649 78 0.50
Journal of Housing and the Built environment Nieuwenhuis & Hooimeijer Netherlands The association between neighborhoods and educational achievement,: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2016 Neighborhood SES 88 0 88 1.01
Educational Research Review Rodriguez-Hernandez, Cascallar, & Kyndt Belgium Socio-economic status and academic performance in higher education: A systematic review 2020 Socioeconomic status with immigrants 42 0 42 0.12
Educational Research Review Ki, Mok, & Seidel Germany Parental influences on immigrant students' achievement-related motivation and achievement: A meta-analysis.  2020 Parental SES/education 7 0 7 0.08
Preschool Education Research Tan, Guo, & Huang China Relationship between family socioeconomic status and children's mathematical achievement. 2020 Socioeconomic status on math 36 0 36 0.41
Journal of Education Selvitopu & Kaya Turkey A Meta-Analytic Review of the Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Academic Performance 2021 Socioeconomic status 48 386,601 62 0.52
Computers and Education Scherer & Siddiq Norway The relation between students' socioeconomic status and ICT literacy: Findings from a meta-analysis. 2019 SES and ICT literacy 32 0 75 0.44
Educational Research Review Tan, Peng, & Lyu Hong Kong What types of cultural capital benefit students' academic achievement at different educational stages? Interrogating the meta-analytic evidence.  2019 Cultural capital 105 371,385 190 0.35
Education Sciences Nunes, Oliveira, Santini, Castelli, & Cruz-Jesus Portugal A weight and meta-analysis on the academic achievement of high school students. 2022 Socioeconomic status 13 117,088 13 0.37
Educational Review Tan, Hong, Gao, & Song China Meta-analytical insights on school SES effects. 2023 Socioeconomic status 74 0 241 1.42
Current Psychology Kaya & Selvitopu Turkey The roles of family contextual factors on immigrant students' academic achievement: A meta-analysis. 2023 Family acculturation with immigrants 31 38,057 57 0.38
TOTAL/AVERAGE 1,346 5,241,866 4,848 0.51
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