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Version 1.2 – Updated June 2023

Questioning

Overview

  • Influence: Questioning
  • Domain: Teaching Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Feedback
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to accelerate
  • Influence Definition: Teachers questioning students as part of lessons.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 9
  • Number of studies: 270
  • Number of students: 409
  • Number of effects: 330
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.49
  • Robustness index: 3

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author First Author's Country Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Review of Educational Research Redfield & Rousseau USA A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Research on Teacher Questioning Behavior 1981 Teacher questioning 14 0 14 0.73
Dissertation Lyday USA A Meta-Analysis of the Adjunct Question Literature 1983 Adjunct questions 65 0 65 0.57
Review of Educational Research Hamaker Netherlands The Effects of Adjunct Questions on Prose Learning 1986 Factual adjunct questions 61 0 121 0.13
Journal of Educational Research Samson, Strykowski, Weinstein, & Walberg USA The Effects of Teacher Questioning Levels on Student Achievement: A Quantitative Synthesis 1987 Teacher questioning 14 0 14 0.26
Review of Educational Research Gliessman, Pugh, Dowden, & Hutchins USA Variables Influencing the Acquisition of a Generic Teaching Skill 1988 Teacher questioning 26 0 26 0.82
Book Gayle, Preiss, & Allen USA How Effective Are Teacher-Initiated Classroom Questions in Enhancing Student Learning? 2006 Teacher questioning 13 0 13 0.31
Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions Randolph Finland Meta--Analysis of the Research on Response Cards: Effects on Test Achievement, Quiz Achievement, Participation, and Off-Task Behavior 2007 Response cards to questioning 18 0 18 0.38
Journal of Behavioral Education Marsh, Cummin Randolph, & Michaels USA Updated Meta-Analysis of the Research on Response Cards. 2021 Response cards to questioning 29 409 29 0.73
Remedial and Special Education Berkeley, Scruggs & Mastropieri USA Reading comprehension instruction for students with learning disabilities, 1995–2006: A meta-analysis 2009 Questioning/strategy instruction in reading 30 0 30 0.68
TOTAL/AVERAGE 270 409 330 0.51
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