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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX™
Version 1.3 – Updated November 2024

Initial teacher education programs

Overview

  • Influence: Initial teacher education programs
  • Domain: Teacher
  • Sub-Domain: Teacher education
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have a small positive impact
  • Influence Definition: Initial teacher education or ITEs (sometimes at the undergraduate level and sometimes at the post-graduate level) is the entry-level qualification for teaching in numerous countries, including the United States. More recently, there are school-based ITEs, non-accredited ITEs, and many online ITE programs.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 7
  • Number of studies: 177
  • Number of students: 1,180,939
  • Number of effects: 584
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.12
  • Robustness index: 3

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author First Author's Country Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Conference paper Qu & Becker USA Does traditional teacher certification imply quality? A meta-analysis 2003 Certified vs. alternative certified teachers 24 0 192 0.08
Conference paper Qu & Becker USA Does traditional teacher certification imply quality? A meta-analysis 2003 Traditional vs. Emergency licensed teachers 24 0 76 0.14
Dissertation Sparks USA The Effect of Teacher Certification on Student Achievement 2005 Traditional vs. emergency or probationary training 5 0 18 0.12
Report Kelley & Camilli USA The impact of teacher education on outcomes in center-based early childhood education programs: a meta-analysis 2007 Teacher education in early childhood 32 0 105 0.15
Journal of Child and Family Studies Whitford, Zhang, & Katsiyannis USA Traditional vs. alternative teacher preparation programs: A meta-analysis 2018 Traditional vs Alternative programs 32 106,016 118 0.03
Education sciences Dunst, Hamby, Howse, Wilkie, & Annas USA Metasynthesis of preservice professional preparation and teacher education research studies 2019 Teacher preparation program on student achievement 6 1,047,391 21 -0.04
Education sciences Dunst, Hamby, Howse, Wilkie, & Annas USA Metasynthesis of preservice professional preparation and teacher education research studies 2019 Teacher degree on student achievement 54 27,532 54 0.19
TOTAL/AVERAGE 177 1,180,939 584 0.10
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