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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Grit

Overview

  • Influence: Grit
  • Domain: Student
  • Sub-Domain: Perseverance and confidence
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have positive impact
  • Influence Definition: Grit involves passion and perseverance for long-term goals. It overlaps with conscientiousness and perseverance.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 3
  • Number of studies: 267
  • Number of students: 298,472
  • Number of effects: 237
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.37
  • Robustness index: 4

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Crede, Tynan, & Harms Much Ado About Grit: A Meta-Analytic Synthesis of the Grit Literature 2017 Grit 88 13,141 39 0.37
Pedagogical Research Suh A meta-analysis of the relationship between grit and related variables. 2019 Grit 42 NA 42 0.32
Journal of Educational Psychology Lam & Zhou Grit and academic achievement: A comparative cross-cultural meta-analysis 2021 Grit 137 285,331 156 0.39
TOTAL/AVERAGE 267 298,472 237 0.36
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