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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Coaching

Overview

  • Influence: Coaching
  • Domain: Teacher
  • Sub-Domain: Teacher education
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have positive impact
  • Influence Definition: Coaching is a nonevaluative, learning relationship between a professional developer and a teacher, both of whom share the expressed goal of learning together

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 3
  • Number of studies: 88
  • Number of students: NA
  • Number of effects: 143
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.26
  • Robustness index: 2

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Review of Educational Research Kraft, Blazar, & Hogan The effect of teacher coaching on instruction and achievement: A meta-analysis of the causal evidence 2018 Teacher coaching 37 NA 31 0.18
Dissertation Batts Mentoring Beginning Teachers for Cognitive Growth 2011 Using consultants to coach teachers to enhance student outcomes 40 NA 101 0.40
Review of Educational Research Dietrichson, Bog, Filges, & Jorgensen Academic interventions for elementary and middle school students with low socioeconomic status: A systematic review and meta-analysis.  2017 Coaching 11 NA 11 0.04
TOTAL/AVERAGE 88 NA 143 0.21
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