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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Autism

Overview

  • Influence: Autism
  • Domain: Student
  • Sub-Domain: Physical influences
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have a negative impact
  • Influence Definition: Children with this developmental disorder have difficulties with social interaction and communication, and they often exhibit repetitive behavior.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 1
  • Number of studies: 36
  • Number of students: 1,487
  • Number of effects: 47
  • Weighted mean effect size: -0.74
  • Robustness index: 2

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Brown, Oram-Cardy, & Johnson A meta-analysis of the reading comprehension skills of individuals on the autism spectrum 2013 Autism on reading comprehension 36 1,487 47 -0.74
TOTAL/AVERAGE 36 1,487 47 -0.74
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