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Version 1.2 – Updated June 2023

Adjunct aids

Overview

  • Influence: Adjunct aids
  • Domain: Teaching Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Instructional strategies
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to accelerate
  • Influence Definition: These materials, such as pictorial displays, animations, and "enhanced" text (with bold-faced and italicized typefaces, for instance) are placed alongside the text, as adjunct aids to improve understanding.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 15
  • Number of studies: 408
  • Number of students: 107,926
  • Number of effects: 790
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.52
  • Robustness index: 4

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author First Author's Country Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Psychology in the Schools Readence & Moore USA A meta-analytic review of the effect of adjunct pictures on reading comprehension 1981 Adjunct pictures in reading 16 2,227 122 0.45
Educational Communication and Technology Journal Levine & Lentz USA Effects of text illustrations: A review of research 1982 Text illustrations 23 7,182 41 0.55
Studies in Second Language Acquisition Lee & Huang USA Visual Input Enhancement and Grammar Learning: A Meta-Analytic Review 2008 Enhanced-embedded text features on grammar 16 1,257 41 0.48
Inönü Üniversitesi Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi Yokus & Ayçiçek Turkey The effect of concept cartoons used in science education to achievement: Meta-analysis study. 2019 Concept caricatures in science 23 80,798 23 0.87
Nurse Education Today Clerkin, Patton, Moore, Nugent, & Avsar Ireland What is the impact of video as a teaching method on achieving psychomotor skills in nursing? A systematic review and meta-analysis.  2022 Video in teaching psychomotor skills to nurses 6 356 6 0.62
Inönü Üniversitesi Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi KÜÇÜKAYDIN Turkey The effect of concept cartoons used in science education to achievement: Meta-analysis study. 2019 Adjunct cartoons 7 0 7 0.49
Education Psychological Review Schroeder & Cenkci USA Spatial contiguity and spatial split-attention effects in multimedia learning environments: a meta-analysis. 2018 Words & pictures near each other 58 2,426 58 0.63
Computers and Education Berney & Betrancourt Switzerland Does animation enhance learning? A meta-analysis 2016 Adjunct animations 50 7,036 140 0.23
Journal of Educational Psychology Adesope & Nesbit USA Verbal redundancy in multimedia learning environments: A meta-analysis. 2005 Verbal redundancy vs. non redundancy aids 33 3,452 57 0.15
Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education Adesope & Nesbit USA Toward accessible learning resources. 2012 Verbal redundancy vs. non redundancy aids 32 3,192 48 0.17
Dissertation Catts Australia The integration of research findings: a review of meta-analysis methodology and an application to research on the effects of knowledge objectives 1992 Adjunct aids 8 0 19 0.01
Conference paper Hoffler, Sumfleth, & Leutner Germany The role of spatial ability when learning from an instructional animation or a series of static pictures 2006 Instructional animation vs. static pictures 26 0 76 0.46
Educational Research Review Richter, Scheiter, & Eitel Germany Signaling text-picture relations in multimedia learning: A comprehensive meta-analysis 2016 Signaling text-pictures 27 0 45 0.35
Studies in Science Education McElhaney, Chang, Chiu & Linn USA Evidence for effective uses of dynamic visualisations in science curriculum materials 2015 Dynamic vs Static Visualizations for Science 26 0 50 0.21
Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice Kablan, Topan, & Erkan Turkey The effectiveness level of material use in classroom instruction: A meta-analysis study. 2013 Educational materials as adjunct aids 57 0 57 1.27
TOTAL/AVERAGE 408 107,926 790 0.46
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