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Visible Learning™
Visible Learning MetaX
Version 1.4 – Updated February 2026

Achieving motivation and approach

Overview

  • Influence: Achieving motivation and approach
  • Domain: Student
  • Sub-Domain: Motivational approach/orientation
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have positive impact
  • Influence Definition: This motivation involves students being strategic in their motivation – choosing when to be surface and understand the knowledge, when to go deep and investigating relations, when to master and when to perform to the satisfaction of others (teachers, peers, family).

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 4
  • Number of studies: 252
  • Number of students: NA
  • Number of effects: 257
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.44
  • Robustness index: 3

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Australian Journal of Education Purdie & Hattie The Relationship between Study Skills and Learning Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis 1999 Achieving approach 95 NA 95 0.70
Australian Journal of Education Purdie & Hattie The Relationship between Study Skills and Learning Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis 1999 Achieving motivation 18 NA 18 0.18
Perspectives on Thinking, Learning and Cognitive Styles Watkins Correlates of Approaches to Learning: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis 2001 Achieving motivation 55 NA 60 0.37
Journal of Educational Psychology Huang Discriminant and criterion-related validity of achievement goals in predicting academic achievement: A meta-analysis. 2012 Achieving motivation 84 NA 84 0.26
TOTAL/AVERAGE 252 NA 257 0.38
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